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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely to know that different beans can produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most common varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile and are frequently used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and are available in a variety of flavor profiles. The taste and aroma components of a particular coffee can vary significantly based on the growing conditions and the processing methods used to produce it.

The word "coffee" actually comes from the coffee bean shop Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee quickly began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes, and thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops are focused on using ethically-sourced arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique coffees that are suitable for different brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee and is usually preferred to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second-most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean to cup coffee beans than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a more economically viable crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee beans types bags it's possible that there is also some robusta.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee bean suppliers beans in order to cut costs and preserve quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor you should select an excellent bean from a reliable source. The best way to do this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean types. They have a scent that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are paired with other Light Roast coffee beans bean types to give them a more rounded, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and can withstand hot, humid climates. They also have a better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. The seeds can be found on the internet from a variety of sources, however it's preferred to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions to grow Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils that have moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was previously classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. The coffee beans that are oval in shape are grown on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both fruity and tart which has made them a sought-after choice for blends in house. They have a milder flavor and lower caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were considered to be an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were changed to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're frequently used in blends to provide extra body and a delicious, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates as well as at higher altitudes. They have a slight acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly they may impart notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and makes up about 40 percent of the world's beans. These beans are smaller and more round however, they contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have earthy and woody undertones.

Once you've mastered the four most common types of coffee beans you can now choose the perfect cup. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor go for an arabica bean or a blend comprised of robusta beans and arabica beans.