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The abacus is still used today in parts of Russia and Asia, mostly by vendors in street markets or in shops. Units began to be sold in 1975 at a price of 300 Dollars as a kit with all its physical parts and assembling instructions, or else sold as a finished microcomputer at the price of 400 Dollars. Its creation began in 1959, being released in August 1961 by a North American committee, Codasyl, under the inspiration of Captain Grace Hopper (United States Navy and Univac, see "A-0 Coding Translator"), and grouping the National Bureau of Standards, the United States Navy, the United States Air Force, International Business Machines, Sperry-Univac, Burroughs, Honeywell-Bull, R. C. A., Sylvania and Remington. Each of these sports focuses on the idea of hitting small balls with the end of a narrow stick called a cue with the object being to accrue more points than the opponent. Another noteworthy version of pool is rotation, or "Chicago," in which the object is to pocket the balls in numerical order, starting with the lowest number. You will also learn more about the improvements in pool cue sticks. Therefore computers using other character encodings may render some characters inaccurately, but hopefully, it will still be possible to read non-English words without too much difficulty.

It will probably be correct when rendered by text-only HTML interpreters (visual, aural, or Braille tactile interpreters), but if feasible, please use KDE Konqueror. It may not be rendered correctly by other graphic HTML interpreters. This Web document has been tested with KDE Konqueror, what is billiards graphic HTML interpreter for Linux. 1981: OS/2 graphic operating system (Microsoft Corporation and International Business Machines, later continued only by the latter). From Persia the system is copied by Arab mathematicians about 720, who carry it to territories under Islamic control. Walkyrie who takes our dead heroes to Walhalla in Asgard. 1820: Arithmometre (also called Arithmograph), simplified calculator machine for adding, substracting, multiplying or dividing, using numbering base of ten, by Charles Xavier Thomas Colmar (based on the machine that had been built by Wilhelm Gottfried Von Leibnitz). 1623: calculator machine of pinion wheels for adding, using numbering base of ten, by Wilhelm Heinrich Schickart (or Schickard). 1950: Pilot ACE, Automatic Computing Engine, electronic digital computer by Alan Mathison Turing with Max Newman and others, using numbering base of two and programmable by a kind of assembly language.

1943-1946: ENIAC, Electronic Numeric Integrator Analyser and Computer, SECOND FULLY ELECTRONIC DIGITAL COMPUTER (of much bigger size than the ABC, the Z-3, the Z-4 or the Colossus I), by Presper Eckert in collaboration with John Mauchly (-1980) (Moore Engineering School, University of Pennsylvania), and in collaboration with John Von Neumann (1903-1957) (Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton, not to confuse with Max Newman). 1980: 86-DOS, 86 Disk Operating System, of 16 bits (Seattle Computer, based on CP/M-86, another operating system of 16 bits). It would have been the first hardware programmable mechanic arithmetic (digital) computer, but because it was only built in 1991, that honour corresponds to computers built in the 1930's. The majority of operational computers of advanced concept, in numbering base of two, which were built in the 1930's and until the mid 1940's, were electro-mechanic rather than purely mechanic. It was never finished, but it served as a model for some other electro-mechanic computers in numbering base of two (although also some purely mechanic calculators in numbering base of ten continued being made until the 1970's). 1937-1942: ABC, Atanasoff-Berry Computer, by John Atanasoff (Iowa State College), in collaboration with Clifford Berry.

A famous arithmetical competition was organised in 1946, confronting two well known specialists in calculations: a soldier of the United States Army using an electro-mechanic desktop calculator, and a clerk of the Japanese Postal Service using a typical Japanese abacus. Besides CGI, two languages that were from the start designed for the purpose of generating dynamic content, ASP of Microsoft Corporation and Java of Sun Systems, stand now as the main languages used for that purpose, in direct competition against each other. The competition consisted of five complex operations, all of them involving adding, substracting, multiplying and dividing. 1779: calculator machine for adding, substracting, multiplying or dividing, by Mattieu Hahn. The abacus, device for counting, adding, substracting, multiplying, dividing, raising to power or extracting root by means of stones lined in a groove or of balls threaded in a wire, is of unknown origin. 1671-1673: theory of calculator machine for adding, substracting, multiplying or dividing, using numbering base of ten, by Wilhelm Gottfried Von Leibnitz. 1642-1652: Pascaline, calculator machine of pinion wheels for adding two or three numbers, up to the number 999 999, using numbering base of ten, by Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Several of them were built. About 1830: serial production of various machines for arithmetic calculation, all of them using numbering base of ten.